In order to increase the sensitivity,detection range and practical value of the fiber SPR sensor,a simulation platform based on Matlab software is proposed to study the effect of the controllable parameters on spectral characteristics of the fiber SPR sensor.The study results show that,the larger is the incident angle,the shorter is the resonance wavelength,and the lower is the sensitivity,but the wider is the detection range.And when the thickness of the sensing metal film increasing,the dynamic range of the fiber SPR spectral is shifted to longer wavelength,and the sensitivity increasing with it.Also,the larger is the refractive index of the fiber,the shorter is the resonance wavelength,and the lower is the sensitivity,but the wider is the detection range.Meanwhile,the kinds of the metal film also influence the spectral characteristics of the fiber SPR sensor.Besides these,the principle of the distributed fiber SPR sensor is studied,and the calculating results show that,the multi-channel SPR sensor has the same sensing principle with the single channel one,and the sensitivity keeps constant.