Sapphire is one of the five most precious gemstones,the sapphires of top quality are rare,so there are many imitations in the market.In this paper,the Raman spectrum were used to study sapphire,dichroite,aquamarinl,topaz and kyanite,it is found that the characteristic Raman translocations of sapphire which are caused by Al-O vibration are 413cm-1,640cm-1 and 668cm-1,the characteristic Raman translocations of dichroite which are caused by Si-O vibration are 550cm-1,662cm-1,964cm-1and 1176cm-1,the characteristic Raman translocations of aquamarinl which are caused by Si-O vibration are 678cm-1,1064cm-1,1232cm-1,the characteristic Raman translocations of topaz which are caused by Si-O vibration are 844cm-1 and 924cm-1,and the characteristic Raman translocations of kyanite which are caused by Si-O vibration are 933cm-1 and 1133cm-1.According to the position and intensity of each characteristic Raman translocation,sapphire,dichroite,aquamarinl,topaz and kyanite can be quickly and effectively set apart without any damage to these gemstones.