By theoretical analysis and numerical calculation,we have made a comparison between two phase conjugation techniques,i.e.,temporal phase conjugation and spectral phase conjugation when use them for distortion compensation of ultra-short optical pulse transmission in optical fibers.Results show that:when only consider the group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation,the distortion compensation of temporal phase conjugation and spectral phase conjugation are the same;When the third order dispersion is needed to be considered,the distortion compensation of spectral phase conjugation is better than temporal phase conjugation;When the inter-pulse Raman scattering is to be considered,the distortion compensation of temporal phase conjugation is better than spectral phase conjugation;When considering the four effects mentioned above,the distortion compensation of spectral phase conjugation is a little better than temporal phase conjugation.Discussion about the application of these two compensation techniques is also presented in this article.