The quantum effect of light wave mode is studied under a condition that the light wave is restricted in 1-D anisotropic rectangle photonic crystal.The bandgap character of TE wave and TM wave are calculated by characteristic matrix method.New bandgap structure of 1-D anisotropic rectangle photonic crystal is obtained.The bandgap frequency and transmission angle increase with increasing quantum number.The bandgap frequency of the same pattern decreases with increasing rectangle side length.