Large ships sail in complex marine environment,which are subjected to waves,currents,impact and other effects of various loads.Therefore,the hull must have enough strength.The FBG sensor which has the merits of small size,high sensitivity,good electromagnetic compatibility and strong corrosion resistance,can effectively measure the force-resulted deformation of the hull and provide status monitoring and evaluation during the running of the ship.This paper designs a packaged fiber Bragg grating（FBG）sensor which is suitable for the ship hull to test its temperature and strain characteristic.The composition and work theory of the fiber Bragg grating ship structure monitoring system are introduced.