Based on the refractive indices of atmospheric aerosols and the measured values of aerosol size distribution，aerosol extinction characteristics have been studied in Near-infrared bands.The paper uses Mie scattering theory to calculate and analyze the characteristics of the extinction efficiency,scattering efficiency,absorption efficiency and extinction coefficient with various aerosols radius and wavelength,which is simulated with MATLAB.The results show that the scattering capability lines in order as such:the dust aerosol,the dissolvable particle and the smoke aerosols.Extinction coefficient of the particle is the biggest when the radius is close to the incident wavelength,and the impact of the particle radius on the extinction,scattering,absorption coefficient is more severe than the incident wavelength.These results can provide reference for calculating and analyzing the attenuation of infrared radiation in the atmosphere.