The laser shock processing (LSP) was carried out for turbine blades of K4030 nickel-based alloy.Both the residual compressive stress distribution and case-hardening were researched in the specimens before and after LSP treatment,and the residual stress relaxation regularity is studied when vacuum thermal retardation was at 300 ℃、500 ℃ and 550 ℃ for 60 min.The results showed that: one laser shock induced residual compressive stress of -625 MPa at the surface,the impact is greater than the depth of 1.5 mm,the impact numbers are more,the effect of residual stress amplitude and depth are greater;laser energy and impact numbers have an influence on micro hardness.And micro hardness of K4030 nickel-based alloy has been improved greatly after laser impact,and forms a severe plastic deformation layer,and increasing impact numbers or laser energy will improve the amplitude and enhance affected depth.But when the K4030 nickel-based alloy after LSP is subjected to heat treatment at 550 ℃/60 min,the most of residual compressive stress has gotten the relaxation,while the micro hardness has still remained good thermal stability.The high-and-low cycle fatigue tests prove that the fatigue life with LSP is 2.4 times longer than that without LSP under high temperature environment.The refined structure and high compressive residual stress are the main reasons of improving the fatigue performance.