In order to decrease the optical damage of laser to photoelectrical devices and improve the viability of photoelectrical system in the complex battlefield,the devices usually require laser protection. Laser defending materials and technologies based on the principle of linear optics,nonlinear optics and phase transition are summarized,which included film,photonic crystal,polymer and digital micromirror device etc. The parameters,mechanism,applicability and guideline of these materials are also introduced respectively. Finally,the future directions of laser protective technology are pointed out.