Atmospheric turbulence profile test system based on Rayleigh laser guide star is studied,the pulsed laser used to form beacon star at different heights in atmospheric,then the atmospheric information between ground and guide star were obtained.Based on the analysis of principles and system components,the system critical parameters were optimized.And the laser transmits system and differential image motion system was designed.Finally,the system performance,the results showed that 0.2~10 km atmospheric turbulence profile can be measured by this instruments.This can be used in the area of astronomical observations,satellite-ground laser communications,and ground-based laser weapons.