Scattering,fluorescence and polarization are the effective data sources for biological agent/aerosol time-space observation and identification.The theory and data inversion principles for Mie scattering,laser induced fluorescence and polarization sensing LIDAR were stated and discussed.The sensing and data inversion results for extinction coefficient,fluorescence and horizontal linear depolarization ratio of biological agent/aerosol were also demonstrated.The results show that the three kinds of detecting technologies are reasonable and potential for biological agent/aerosol detection and recognition.