The light waves such as infrared radiation in atmosphere transmission will be affected by atmospheric absorption and scattering,so transmission characteristics research of light waves in atmosphere become very important. Through mechanism research of visible light and infrared light in the atmosphere transmission,the transmission model was established to reflect the atmospheric attenuation effect of light transmission. The attenuation results of different light waves in the atmosphere transmission were calculated by the simulation,and were compared with the results calculated by MODTRAN software,and the transmittance model was analyzed. The research results show that the transmittances obtained by the transmittance model and MODTRAN software simulation are between 40% and 100%,and the trend of change curve is consistent. The results have a certain reference value for the engineering practice.