In order to accurately grasp the mechanism and the effect of atmospheric factors in optical communication near ground and improve the communication quality effectively,the modeling,analysis and simulation were carried out for the atmospheric attenuation.Firstly,the classification of attenuation effect was refined,and then correlation description model was established according to atmospheric parameters and the characteristics of categories;on this basis,simulation and analysis of the model were done by using common optical communication band under the atmospheric window.The results show that the long wavelength laser and communication under high altitude makes for optical communication,and the communication mode with elevation and slant distance needs to be avoided.These conclusions provide references and basis for the establishment of atmospheric optical communication channel model and the development of optical communication.