To solve the problem of insufficient consideration for the evaluation of traditional optical camouflage effects,the evaluation index system of visible light camouflage effect was established from four aspects:enemy reconnaissance ability,equipment hidden true ability,equipment display ability and environment.Firstly,Mahalanobis-Taguchi Gram-Schmidt was used to calculate the weight of the indicator,which not only considers the evaluator′s knowledge and experience preferences,but also eliminates the information interaction between the indicators,making the weight determination more reasonable.And then,an evaluation model based on set pair analysis is established.Finally,the reliability of the evaluation model is verified by an example.The results show that the model has certain application value in the evaluation of optical camouflage effect and the selection of camouflage equipment.