Abstract:The traditional laser rangefinder only measures the distance of the target by measuring the time interval between the main wave emitted by the laser and the echo reflected by the target.This method is simple and easy to implement,but it does not make full use of the information carried by the signal waveform and does not achieve the best signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system.In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal and increase the range of the laser rangefinder,a full-wave high-speed sampling scheme can be used.These laser full-waveform data can be used for subsequent processing such as amplitude accumulation,autocorrelation,and cross-correlation,which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal.The work of this article is an important part of this ranging scheme,including high-speed AD sampling,FPGA timing control,data acquisition and transmission.Aiming at the requirements of laser echo data acquisition and real-time transmission,and the characteristics of AD sampling chip′s multi-channel and large data volume fast rate ,and a field-editable logic gate array(FPGA),single-clock first-in first-out memory FIFO(First- In-First-Out) and RS232 interface bus laser echo data acquisition and real-time transmission system.The system is mainly based on FPGA and RS232 protocol,and the main research is to use the state machine design module to connect the various modules of the system.When the FPGA writes the configuration data to the AD chip,it also receives the output data of the AD chip and sends it to the FIFO memory for buffering and arithmetic processing.The processed data is sent to the upper computer by the RS232 bus for data processing.The simulation experiment results show that the system logic is accurate and can meet the basic requirements of real-time acquisition and transmission of laser echo waveforms.