An experimental test platform for 10Gbps optical DPSK modulation-emission and auto-coherent receiver unit is constructed.The optical DPSK system is designed using optical phase modulation and self-coherent receiving technology.In order to stabilize the output signal and solve the phase drift,the adaptive gain control unit and the adaptive control unit are designed.On the system test platform,the differential coding module,transmitter unit,self-coherent receiver unit and system performance test are completed.The sensitivity of receiving unit is -48 dBm,the bit error rate of the communication system is better than 1×10-7,the EVM(error vector amplitude) is 7% and the communication performance is better.