The real-time observation of ultrafast and non-repetitive phenomena is a great challenge in many fields； the emerging of dispersion Fourier transform (DFT) technology overcomes the limitation on the scanning rate of traditional instruments,and making the real-time spectroscopy measurement being possible.In this paper,the research progress on real-time dynamic characteristics of passively mode-locked fiber lasers based on DFT technology has been introduced,which will help researcher to comprehensively understand different dynamics characteristics including soliton explosion,soliton pulsation,soliton start-up and annihilation in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,and will be helpful to optimize design the laser.