In order to accurately understand the physical effects caused by laser irradiation window materials,a three dimensional heat conduction model with heat exchange between the surface of the material and the air is established.By using the integral transformation method to calculate,the analytical expression of the temperature field is obtained.The temperature fields of three commonly used optical window materials are calculated and simulated,and the influence of laser parameters and material parameters on the temperature field is theoretically analyzed,and the difference in temperature rise under adiabatic and heat transfer conditions is compared.The results show that increasing the radiation power and reducing the spot radius are beneficial to increase the center temperature；the temperature rise of the material is negatively related to density,specific heat capacity and reflectivity,and positively related to the absorption coefficient.The proposed heat conduction model with the boundary heat exchange solves the problem that the adiabatic model cannot calculate the equilibrium temperature and reflect the temperature distribution trend of the main optical axis.