With the rapid development of rail transit in China,its maintenance is becoming increasingly heavy.The traditional detection methods and technologies are difficult to meet the existing needs.The rapid and intelligent rail detection is imminent.In order to make up for the shortcomings of these detection methods,a high speed line laser measurement system is developed based on the principle of non contact laser triangulation.More accurate track fastener height information of the orbital fastener can be obtained with an improved gray weight model method to extract the laser centerline.Secondly,the phone illumination model is used to render the point cloud data,which can visually display the ups and downs of the collected object.Finally,the K means clustering method is used to identify the category of fastener diseases.The test results show that the success rates of fastener missing and fastener foreign matter detection were 98% and 100%,respectively.In particular,the improved gray weight model method is used to accurately extract the laser centerline and obtain high precision 3D texture information,which has high popularization and application value.