With the rapid development of high performance computing and high speed communication technologies,the amount of information is exponentially increasing,leading to higher requirements for bandwidth,rate,interconnection density and manufacturing technology of high speed backplane.Optical interconnection backplane has the advantages of high speed,high bandwidth,low power consumption,low loss and anti electromagnetic interference,which can effectively solve the technical bottleneck of electric interconnection high speed backplane.In this paper,the research state of optical interconnection backplane is introduced and analyzed.The key technologies and the future development directions of optical interconnection backplane are discussed.